lipoprotein complexes), which can adsorb to the surface and form a coating known as the corona ( Figure 1 ). Their small size means that ENM are in the size range of many biomolecules, such as proteins and their complexes (e.g.

One large difference between the bulk materials (that we can physically see) and nanoscale materials is that ENM have a high surface area to volume ratio, due to their incredibly small size. As environmental applications of ENMs grow, an understanding of their biochemical interactions must lead the way to progress beyond observations towards mechanistic understanding. While nanotechnology has many exciting avenues to improve aspects of daily life and society, we are still in the early stages of understanding how they move in biological systems and interact within the environment. For example, in the agricultural sector, ENMs can be used to more effectively deliver nutrients to plants to encourage growth without the need for harmful pesticides. Many of these ENMs may accidentally end up in the environment, or be purposefully released in specific applications, with an estimated 300,000 metric tonnes of nanoparticle-containing products disposed annually with potential release of particles into the environment (although this is just a fraction of the amount of plastic that reaches the environment annually through mis-managed waste, estimated as 8 million tonnes / year). The ability for scientists to control the size, shape, and composition of ENMs allows for the design of new materials with targeted reactivity, driving breakthroughs in functional materials for energy, medicine, and agriculture. Recently, the amazing chemistry at the nanoscale, including high reactivity and unique optical and electronic properties, has produced technology with specific benefits to society using human-made engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). They exist alongside incidental nanomaterials created as a result of human activities, like burning diesel, mining, and starting a fire. Naturally occurring nanomaterials include things like volcanic ash, ocean spray, and the proteins and protein clusters that help your body function. doi:10.Nanoscale materials, which are about 1/10,000th the diameter of a human hair, are everywhere. Prediction of ambulatory outcome in patients with corona radiata infarction using deep learning.

Kim JK, Choo YJ, Shin H, Choi GS, Chang MC. Axial Diffusivity of the Corona Radiata at 24 Hours Post-Stroke: A New Biomarker for Motor and Global Outcome. Moulton E, Amor-sahli M, Perlbarg V, et al. What are some common outcomes of stroke & some common treatments for these outcomes?. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

Cytokine-mediated blood brain barrier disruption as a conduit for cancer/chemotherapy-associated neurotoxicity and cognitive dysfunction. Wardill HR, Mander KA, Van sebille YZ, et al. The 'silence' of silent brain infarctions may be related to chronic ischemic preconditioning and nonstrategic locations rather than to a small infarction size. Reduced white matter integrity with cognitive impairments in end stage renal disease. Ischemic stroke in pontine and corona radiata: location specific impairment of neural network investigated with resting state fMRI.

Corona definition